

MEL TECH
CIRCTRONICS
Voltage Divider Theorem
The voltage divider rule is a simple way of determining the output voltage across one of two impedances connected in series. It is a useful tool for circuit analysis and design.
How is it used?
The voltage divider rule can be used with resistive, inductive, or capacitive circuit elements. It can also be used with AC or DC input sources. The equation for calculating the output voltage is different, however, depending on the type of circuit element. This example is a resistive circuit:
Resistive divider:
The formula for determining the DC or AC output voltage of a resistive divider is:Vout = _Vin*R2_(R1+R2..)Where:Vout - voltage across any resistors in the circuitVin - total voltage across the circuitR2 - the resistor concernedRt - the sum of all resistances connected in series
For Two Resistors in Series:
V1 = Vt( R1)
(R1+R2)
V2 = Vt( R2)
(R1+R2)
For Three Resistors in Series:
V1 = Vt( R1)
(R1+R2+R3)
V2 = Vt( R2)
(R1+R2+R3)
V3 = Vt( R3)
(R1+R2+R3)
Example 1:
In the following circuit, the output voltage would be:
Vout = _9V*10K_
(10K + 5K)
Vout = 6V



Example 2:
VR1 = 45V (5k Ω)
22.5k Ω
VR1 = 10V
VR1 = 45V (10k Ω)
22.5k Ω
VR1 = 20V
VR1 = 45V (7.5k Ω)
22.5k Ω
VR1 = 15V
